SEO & performance
Hreflang
Hreflang is a tag that tells search engines which language or regional version of a page to show to which audience. A page in English and its Polish equivalent point at each other, so each ranks for the right searchers.
Without it, search engines guess. The English page might rank in Poland, or the Polish page might be treated as a duplicate of the English one and dropped. Hreflang removes the guess by declaring the relationship explicitly: this page is the en version, that one is the pl version, and here is the default.
It has to be reciprocal. If the English page declares the Polish one and the Polish page does not declare the English one back, the annotation is ignored. It also has to be complete: every version in the set lists every other version. A site with two languages has a manageable set; a site with ten needs it generated, not hand-written.
The common failure is pairing pages that are not actually equivalents, or leaving a language-only page in the set without a counterpart. A page that exists in one language should simply not carry hreflang, which is a valid and honest state.
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